The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly states that the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The report makes arrangements in key areas and key links, and conveys many reform focuses.

Deepening supply-side structural reform: taking improving the quality of the supply system as the main direction

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that to build a modern economic system, we must take improving the quality of the supply system as the main direction and significantly enhance the economic quality advantage of our country.

"Using advanced planting technology, updating machinery and processing equipment, and improving product quality, our rice prices are more than 10 times higher than they were 10 years ago." Representative Li Hualiang, chairperson of Shenghua Farmers Professional Cooperative, Shuangyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, felt the power brought by the supply-side structural reform.

Chi Fulin, president of the China (Hainan) Reform and Development Research Institute, believes that our country's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, and we must adhere to quality first and efficiency first. To improve the quality of the supply system, we need to accelerate the construction of a manufacturing power, support the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, accelerate the development of modern service industries, and strengthen the construction of infrastructure networks.

Deepening the reform of the rural land system: the second round of land contracts will be extended for another 30 years after the expiration date

At present, most of our country's rural contracted land is in the second round of contracting period. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that to maintain the stable and long-term land contract relationship, the second round of land contract will be extended for another 30 years after expiration.

"This is a'reassurance 'for the vast number of farmers," said Li Liancheng, deputy secretary of the party branch of Xixinzhuang Village, Puyang County, Henan Province. Previously, some agricultural enterprises were afraid to increase investment due to concerns about unstable land contracting relations, and some farmers had short-term behavior. The clear policy signal sent by the 19th National Congress is conducive to stabilizing farmers' expectations, promoting large-scale operation of agriculture, cultivating new agricultural business entities dominated by family farms and agricultural enterprises, and guiding more funds, technology and talents to flow into rural areas and agriculture.

Deepening financial system reform: maintaining the bottom line of avoiding systemic financial risks

Preventing systemic financial risks is an important task to resolutely fight against and defuse major risks. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to improve the financial supervision system and keep the bottom line that systemic financial risks do not occur.

Guo Shuqing, chairperson of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, said that in terms of preventing financial risks and managing the chaos of the banking market, three key areas have been identified this year: interbank, wealth management, and off-balance sheet. First, because these three areas cover relatively prominent risk points, such as shadow banking, cross-finance, real estate bubbles, and local government debt. At the same time, there are also operational risks related to them, so we must focus on rectification.

Promote the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening up: grant greater reform autonomy to the free trade zone

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to grant greater reform autonomy to free trade pilot zones and explore the construction of free trade ports.

At the end of March this year, the State Council approved the establishment of seven free trade zones in Liaoning, Zhejiang, Henan, and Hubei, increasing the lineup of free trade zones to 11, enabling pilot trials in a wider range and more fields, and leading the new pattern of opening up.

Professor Chen Bo, executive director of the Free Trade Zone Research Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said that at present, some of the phased reform goals of the Free Trade Zone have been achieved. With the urgent transformation and upgrading of the domestic economy and the rapid changes in the international economic situation, the reform of the Free Trade Zone needs to be accelerated, and it is necessary to give greater autonomy to stimulate reform vitality.

"The free trade port is a further extension and improvement of the free trade zone." Chen Bo said that the free trade port is in line with the highest international opening standards on the basis of the existing free trade zone. For example, explore the complete free flow of talents, materials and other factors, and the full integration of finance and international markets. Exploring the construction of a free trade port is conducive to further improving the level of opening up of our country.

Reform the ecological environment supervision system: establish a state-owned natural resource asset management and natural ecological supervision agency

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to establish state-owned natural resource asset management and natural ecological supervision institutions; uniformly exercise the duties of owners of all natural resource assets owned by the whole people, uniformly exercise the duties of controlling the use of all land space and ecological protection and restoration, and uniformly exercise the duties of supervising various types of pollution emissions in urban and rural areas and administrative law enforcement.

Li Zuojun, deputy director of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that the landscape, forest, field and lake grass are a complete ecosystem, but the existing multi-headed supervision affects the achievement of conservation goals.

Li Yunting, director of the Atmospheric Office of the Beijing Environmental Protection Monitoring Center, believes that this top-level design is conducive to integrating institutional functions and forming a joint regulatory force. It fully reflects the determination and wisdom of the report to "protect the ecological environment and make efforts of our generation".

Administrative system reform: exploring the merger or co-location of party and government organs with similar functions in provinces, cities and counties

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to give provincial governments and below more autonomy. Explore the merger and establishment or co-location of party and government organs with similar functions in provinces, cities and counties.

"These two reform measures are an important part of adapting to the modernization of the national governance system." Liu Peng, a researcher at the National Institute of Development and Strategy of Renmin University of China, said that giving more autonomous powers to provincial and lower local governments will better and more targeted solve the current situation of uneven and insufficient development in various parts of our country. Party and government organs exploring the merger and establishment or joint office work will help solve the problems of overlap, unclear division of labor and excessive redundancy in grass-roots party and government institutions.

"Grassroots party and government organs exploring the merger and establishment or co-location of offices will help streamline work processes and improve work efficiency," said Cai Songtao, secretary of the Lankao County Party Committee in Henan Province.

Deepening the reform of the national supervision system: the national supervision system reform pilot will be launched nationwide

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to deepen the reform of the national supervision system, promote the pilot work across the country; formulate a national supervision law, give the supervision committee the duties and powers and investigation methods in accordance with the law, and replace the "two regulations" measures with liens.

At present, the pilot tasks of national supervision system reform in Beijing, Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces have been fully completed, accumulating rich experience for the follow-up reform.

"The relevant reform measures proposed in the report are a further summary and clarification of the previous pilot experience, and also fundamentally ensure the smooth progress of the reform through legislation," said Zhuang Deshui, deputy director of the Research Center for Clean Government Construction at Peking University. For example, lien is a measure that the supervisory committee can take in the previous pilot plan of the three places.

Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and Minister of Supervision Yang Xiaodu said at the press conference of the 19th National Congress that under the leadership of the Party Committee, the Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Supervision Commission are co-located, which fully reflects the organic unity of intra-party supervision and state supervision under the leadership of the Party.

Improve the cadre assessment and evaluation mechanism: adhere to the combination of strict management and love, and pay equal attention to incentives and constraints

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes that we should adhere to the combination of strict management and love, and place equal emphasis on incentives and constraints, improve the cadre assessment and evaluation mechanism, establish an incentive mechanism and a fault-tolerant correction mechanism, and clearly support and encourage those cadres who dare to take responsibility, work realistically, and do not seek self-interest.

"It is necessary to strengthen the political and ideological education of ideals and beliefs, strengthen the implementation of discipline, and let party members and cadres know respect, fear, and abide by the bottom line. It is necessary to correct the ethos of selecting and employing people, strictly check, and prevent the occurrence of problems such as promotion due to illness." Zhu Lijia, a professor at the National School of Administration, said that at the same time, the reform must allow trial and error and tolerate failure in order to activate the enthusiasm and initiative of the majority of cadres to innovate and forge ahead. Party organizations at all levels need to further refine the specific supporting mechanisms. (Reporters Li Jinfeng, Qi Zhongxi, Wu Mengda, Liu Shuo, Song Xiaodong, Yu Jiaxin)